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authorJoel Kronqvist <joel.h.kronqvist@gmail.com>2022-03-05 19:02:27 +0200
committerJoel Kronqvist <joel.h.kronqvist@gmail.com>2022-03-05 19:02:27 +0200
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+<img src="media/logo.svg" width="400">
+<br>
+
+[![Coverage Status](https://codecov.io/gh/sindresorhus/execa/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/sindresorhus/execa)
+
+> Process execution for humans
+
+## Why
+
+This package improves [`child_process`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html) methods with:
+
+- Promise interface.
+- [Strips the final newline](#stripfinalnewline) from the output so you don't have to do `stdout.trim()`.
+- Supports [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)) binaries cross-platform.
+- [Improved Windows support.](https://github.com/IndigoUnited/node-cross-spawn#why)
+- Higher max buffer. 100 MB instead of 200 KB.
+- [Executes locally installed binaries by name.](#preferlocal)
+- [Cleans up spawned processes when the parent process dies.](#cleanup)
+- [Get interleaved output](#all) from `stdout` and `stderr` similar to what is printed on the terminal. [*(Async only)*](#execasyncfile-arguments-options)
+- [Can specify file and arguments as a single string without a shell](#execacommandcommand-options)
+- More descriptive errors.
+
+## Install
+
+```
+$ npm install execa
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+(async () => {
+ const {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']);
+ console.log(stdout);
+ //=> 'unicorns'
+})();
+```
+
+### Pipe the child process stdout to the parent
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+execa('echo', ['unicorns']).stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
+```
+
+### Handling Errors
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+(async () => {
+ // Catching an error
+ try {
+ await execa('unknown', ['command']);
+ } catch (error) {
+ console.log(error);
+ /*
+ {
+ message: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT',
+ errno: -2,
+ code: 'ENOENT',
+ syscall: 'spawn unknown',
+ path: 'unknown',
+ spawnargs: ['command'],
+ originalMessage: 'spawn unknown ENOENT',
+ shortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT',
+ command: 'unknown command',
+ escapedCommand: 'unknown command',
+ stdout: '',
+ stderr: '',
+ all: '',
+ failed: true,
+ timedOut: false,
+ isCanceled: false,
+ killed: false
+ }
+ */
+ }
+
+})();
+```
+
+### Cancelling a spawned process
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+(async () => {
+ const subprocess = execa('node');
+
+ setTimeout(() => {
+ subprocess.cancel();
+ }, 1000);
+
+ try {
+ await subprocess;
+ } catch (error) {
+ console.log(subprocess.killed); // true
+ console.log(error.isCanceled); // true
+ }
+})()
+```
+
+### Catching an error with the sync method
+
+```js
+try {
+ execa.sync('unknown', ['command']);
+} catch (error) {
+ console.log(error);
+ /*
+ {
+ message: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawnSync unknown ENOENT',
+ errno: -2,
+ code: 'ENOENT',
+ syscall: 'spawnSync unknown',
+ path: 'unknown',
+ spawnargs: ['command'],
+ originalMessage: 'spawnSync unknown ENOENT',
+ shortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawnSync unknown ENOENT',
+ command: 'unknown command',
+ escapedCommand: 'unknown command',
+ stdout: '',
+ stderr: '',
+ all: '',
+ failed: true,
+ timedOut: false,
+ isCanceled: false,
+ killed: false
+ }
+ */
+}
+```
+
+### Kill a process
+
+Using SIGTERM, and after 2 seconds, kill it with SIGKILL.
+
+```js
+const subprocess = execa('node');
+
+setTimeout(() => {
+ subprocess.kill('SIGTERM', {
+ forceKillAfterTimeout: 2000
+ });
+}, 1000);
+```
+
+## API
+
+### execa(file, arguments, options?)
+
+Execute a file. Think of this as a mix of [`child_process.execFile()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_execfile_file_args_options_callback) and [`child_process.spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options).
+
+No escaping/quoting is needed.
+
+Unless the [`shell`](#shell) option is used, no shell interpreter (Bash, `cmd.exe`, etc.) is used, so shell features such as variables substitution (`echo $PATH`) are not allowed.
+
+Returns a [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess) which:
+ - is also a `Promise` resolving or rejecting with a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).
+ - exposes the following additional methods and properties.
+
+#### kill(signal?, options?)
+
+Same as the original [`child_process#kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal) except: if `signal` is `SIGTERM` (the default value) and the child process is not terminated after 5 seconds, force it by sending `SIGKILL`.
+
+##### options.forceKillAfterTimeout
+
+Type: `number | false`\
+Default: `5000`
+
+Milliseconds to wait for the child process to terminate before sending `SIGKILL`.
+
+Can be disabled with `false`.
+
+#### cancel()
+
+Similar to [`childProcess.kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal). This is preferred when cancelling the child process execution as the error is more descriptive and [`childProcessResult.isCanceled`](#iscanceled) is set to `true`.
+
+#### all
+
+Type: `ReadableStream | undefined`
+
+Stream combining/interleaving [`stdout`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stdout) and [`stderr`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stderr).
+
+This is `undefined` if either:
+ - the [`all` option](#all-2) is `false` (the default value)
+ - both [`stdout`](#stdout-1) and [`stderr`](#stderr-1) options are set to [`'inherit'`, `'ipc'`, `Stream` or `integer`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio)
+
+### execa.sync(file, arguments?, options?)
+
+Execute a file synchronously.
+
+Returns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).
+
+### execa.command(command, options?)
+
+Same as [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) except both file and arguments are specified in a single `command` string. For example, `execa('echo', ['unicorns'])` is the same as `execa.command('echo unicorns')`.
+
+If the file or an argument contains spaces, they must be escaped with backslashes. This matters especially if `command` is not a constant but a variable, for example with `__dirname` or `process.cwd()`. Except for spaces, no escaping/quoting is needed.
+
+The [`shell` option](#shell) must be used if the `command` uses shell-specific features (for example, `&&` or `||`), as opposed to being a simple `file` followed by its `arguments`.
+
+### execa.commandSync(command, options?)
+
+Same as [`execa.command()`](#execacommand-command-options) but synchronous.
+
+Returns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).
+
+### execa.node(scriptPath, arguments?, options?)
+
+Execute a Node.js script as a child process.
+
+Same as `execa('node', [scriptPath, ...arguments], options)` except (like [`child_process#fork()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_fork_modulepath_args_options)):
+ - the current Node version and options are used. This can be overridden using the [`nodePath`](#nodepath-for-node-only) and [`nodeOptions`](#nodeoptions-for-node-only) options.
+ - the [`shell`](#shell) option cannot be used
+ - an extra channel [`ipc`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) is passed to [`stdio`](#stdio)
+
+### childProcessResult
+
+Type: `object`
+
+Result of a child process execution. On success this is a plain object. On failure this is also an `Error` instance.
+
+The child process [fails](#failed) when:
+- its [exit code](#exitcode) is not `0`
+- it was [killed](#killed) with a [signal](#signal)
+- [timing out](#timedout)
+- [being canceled](#iscanceled)
+- there's not enough memory or there are already too many child processes
+
+#### command
+
+Type: `string`
+
+The file and arguments that were run, for logging purposes.
+
+This is not escaped and should not be executed directly as a process, including using [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) or [`execa.command()`](#execacommandcommand-options).
+
+#### escapedCommand
+
+Type: `string`
+
+Same as [`command`](#command) but escaped.
+
+This is meant to be copy and pasted into a shell, for debugging purposes.
+Since the escaping is fairly basic, this should not be executed directly as a process, including using [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) or [`execa.command()`](#execacommandcommand-options).
+
+#### exitCode
+
+Type: `number`
+
+The numeric exit code of the process that was run.
+
+#### stdout
+
+Type: `string | Buffer`
+
+The output of the process on stdout.
+
+#### stderr
+
+Type: `string | Buffer`
+
+The output of the process on stderr.
+
+#### all
+
+Type: `string | Buffer | undefined`
+
+The output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.
+
+This is `undefined` if either:
+ - the [`all` option](#all-2) is `false` (the default value)
+ - `execa.sync()` was used
+
+#### failed
+
+Type: `boolean`
+
+Whether the process failed to run.
+
+#### timedOut
+
+Type: `boolean`
+
+Whether the process timed out.
+
+#### isCanceled
+
+Type: `boolean`
+
+Whether the process was canceled.
+
+#### killed
+
+Type: `boolean`
+
+Whether the process was killed.
+
+#### signal
+
+Type: `string | undefined`
+
+The name of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `SIGFPE`.
+
+If a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`.
+
+#### signalDescription
+
+Type: `string | undefined`
+
+A human-friendly description of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `Floating point arithmetic error`.
+
+If a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`. It is also `undefined` when the signal is very uncommon which should seldomly happen.
+
+#### message
+
+Type: `string`
+
+Error message when the child process failed to run. In addition to the [underlying error message](#originalMessage), it also contains some information related to why the child process errored.
+
+The child process [stderr](#stderr) then [stdout](#stdout) are appended to the end, separated with newlines and not interleaved.
+
+#### shortMessage
+
+Type: `string`
+
+This is the same as the [`message` property](#message) except it does not include the child process stdout/stderr.
+
+#### originalMessage
+
+Type: `string | undefined`
+
+Original error message. This is the same as the `message` property except it includes neither the child process stdout/stderr nor some additional information added by Execa.
+
+This is `undefined` unless the child process exited due to an `error` event or a timeout.
+
+### options
+
+Type: `object`
+
+#### cleanup
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `true`
+
+Kill the spawned process when the parent process exits unless either:
+ - the spawned process is [`detached`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached)
+ - the parent process is terminated abruptly, for example, with `SIGKILL` as opposed to `SIGTERM` or a normal exit
+
+#### preferLocal
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `false`
+
+Prefer locally installed binaries when looking for a binary to execute.\
+If you `$ npm install foo`, you can then `execa('foo')`.
+
+#### localDir
+
+Type: `string`\
+Default: `process.cwd()`
+
+Preferred path to find locally installed binaries in (use with `preferLocal`).
+
+#### execPath
+
+Type: `string`\
+Default: `process.execPath` (Current Node.js executable)
+
+Path to the Node.js executable to use in child processes.
+
+This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the [`cwd` option](#cwd).
+
+Requires [`preferLocal`](#preferlocal) to be `true`.
+
+For example, this can be used together with [`get-node`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-node) to run a specific Node.js version in a child process.
+
+#### buffer
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `true`
+
+Buffer the output from the spawned process. When set to `false`, you must read the output of [`stdout`](#stdout-1) and [`stderr`](#stderr-1) (or [`all`](#all) if the [`all`](#all-2) option is `true`). Otherwise the returned promise will not be resolved/rejected.
+
+If the spawned process fails, [`error.stdout`](#stdout), [`error.stderr`](#stderr), and [`error.all`](#all) will contain the buffered data.
+
+#### input
+
+Type: `string | Buffer | stream.Readable`
+
+Write some input to the `stdin` of your binary.\
+Streams are not allowed when using the synchronous methods.
+
+#### stdin
+
+Type: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\
+Default: `pipe`
+
+Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).
+
+#### stdout
+
+Type: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\
+Default: `pipe`
+
+Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).
+
+#### stderr
+
+Type: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\
+Default: `pipe`
+
+Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).
+
+#### all
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `false`
+
+Add an `.all` property on the [promise](#all) and the [resolved value](#all-1). The property contains the output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.
+
+#### reject
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `true`
+
+Setting this to `false` resolves the promise with the error instead of rejecting it.
+
+#### stripFinalNewline
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `true`
+
+Strip the final [newline character](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) from the output.
+
+#### extendEnv
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `true`
+
+Set to `false` if you don't want to extend the environment variables when providing the `env` property.
+
+---
+
+Execa also accepts the below options which are the same as the options for [`child_process#spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options)/[`child_process#exec()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_exec_command_options_callback)
+
+#### cwd
+
+Type: `string`\
+Default: `process.cwd()`
+
+Current working directory of the child process.
+
+#### env
+
+Type: `object`\
+Default: `process.env`
+
+Environment key-value pairs. Extends automatically from `process.env`. Set [`extendEnv`](#extendenv) to `false` if you don't want this.
+
+#### argv0
+
+Type: `string`
+
+Explicitly set the value of `argv[0]` sent to the child process. This will be set to `file` if not specified.
+
+#### stdio
+
+Type: `string | string[]`\
+Default: `pipe`
+
+Child's [stdio](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) configuration.
+
+#### serialization
+
+Type: `string`\
+Default: `'json'`
+
+Specify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes when using the [`stdio: 'ipc'`](#stdio) option or [`execa.node()`](#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options):
+ - `json`: Uses `JSON.stringify()` and `JSON.parse()`.
+ - `advanced`: Uses [`v8.serialize()`](https://nodejs.org/api/v8.html#v8_v8_serialize_value)
+
+Requires Node.js `13.2.0` or later.
+
+[More info.](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_advanced_serialization)
+
+#### detached
+
+Type: `boolean`
+
+Prepare child to run independently of its parent process. Specific behavior [depends on the platform](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached).
+
+#### uid
+
+Type: `number`
+
+Sets the user identity of the process.
+
+#### gid
+
+Type: `number`
+
+Sets the group identity of the process.
+
+#### shell
+
+Type: `boolean | string`\
+Default: `false`
+
+If `true`, runs `file` inside of a shell. Uses `/bin/sh` on UNIX and `cmd.exe` on Windows. A different shell can be specified as a string. The shell should understand the `-c` switch on UNIX or `/d /s /c` on Windows.
+
+We recommend against using this option since it is:
+- not cross-platform, encouraging shell-specific syntax.
+- slower, because of the additional shell interpretation.
+- unsafe, potentially allowing command injection.
+
+#### encoding
+
+Type: `string | null`\
+Default: `utf8`
+
+Specify the character encoding used to decode the `stdout` and `stderr` output. If set to `null`, then `stdout` and `stderr` will be a `Buffer` instead of a string.
+
+#### timeout
+
+Type: `number`\
+Default: `0`
+
+If timeout is greater than `0`, the parent will send the signal identified by the `killSignal` property (the default is `SIGTERM`) if the child runs longer than timeout milliseconds.
+
+#### maxBuffer
+
+Type: `number`\
+Default: `100_000_000` (100 MB)
+
+Largest amount of data in bytes allowed on `stdout` or `stderr`.
+
+#### killSignal
+
+Type: `string | number`\
+Default: `SIGTERM`
+
+Signal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed.
+
+#### windowsVerbatimArguments
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `false`
+
+If `true`, no quoting or escaping of arguments is done on Windows. Ignored on other platforms. This is set to `true` automatically when the `shell` option is `true`.
+
+#### windowsHide
+
+Type: `boolean`\
+Default: `true`
+
+On Windows, do not create a new console window. Please note this also prevents `CTRL-C` [from working](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/29837) on Windows.
+
+#### nodePath *(For `.node()` only)*
+
+Type: `string`\
+Default: [`process.execPath`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execpath)
+
+Node.js executable used to create the child process.
+
+#### nodeOptions *(For `.node()` only)*
+
+Type: `string[]`\
+Default: [`process.execArgv`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execargv)
+
+List of [CLI options](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_options) passed to the Node.js executable.
+
+## Tips
+
+### Retry on error
+
+Gracefully handle failures by using automatic retries and exponential backoff with the [`p-retry`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/p-retry) package:
+
+```js
+const pRetry = require('p-retry');
+
+const run = async () => {
+ const results = await execa('curl', ['-sSL', 'https://sindresorhus.com/unicorn']);
+ return results;
+};
+
+(async () => {
+ console.log(await pRetry(run, {retries: 5}));
+})();
+```
+
+### Save and pipe output from a child process
+
+Let's say you want to show the output of a child process in real-time while also saving it to a variable.
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+const subprocess = execa('echo', ['foo']);
+subprocess.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
+
+(async () => {
+ const {stdout} = await subprocess;
+ console.log('child output:', stdout);
+})();
+```
+
+### Redirect output to a file
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+const subprocess = execa('echo', ['foo'])
+subprocess.stdout.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('stdout.txt'))
+```
+
+### Redirect input from a file
+
+```js
+const execa = require('execa');
+
+const subprocess = execa('cat')
+fs.createReadStream('stdin.txt').pipe(subprocess.stdin)
+```
+
+### Execute the current package's binary
+
+```js
+const {getBinPathSync} = require('get-bin-path');
+
+const binPath = getBinPathSync();
+const subprocess = execa(binPath);
+```
+
+`execa` can be combined with [`get-bin-path`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-bin-path) to test the current package's binary. As opposed to hard-coding the path to the binary, this validates that the `package.json` `bin` field is correctly set up.
+
+## Related
+
+- [gulp-execa](https://github.com/ehmicky/gulp-execa) - Gulp plugin for `execa`
+- [nvexeca](https://github.com/ehmicky/nvexeca) - Run `execa` using any Node.js version
+- [sudo-prompt](https://github.com/jorangreef/sudo-prompt) - Run commands with elevated privileges.
+
+## Maintainers
+
+- [Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus)
+- [@ehmicky](https://github.com/ehmicky)
+
+---
+
+<div align="center">
+ <b>
+ <a href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-execa?utm_source=npm-execa&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme">Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription</a>
+ </b>
+ <br>
+ <sub>
+ Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies<br>assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.
+ </sub>
+</div>